History of Pok Jammu Kashmir Ladakh: Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh are actually three different areas. When India became independent, a very large territory of India separated after the name of religion, which was named Pakistan. At that time, there were two parts of Pakistan East Pakistan and West Pakistan. East Pakistan separated in 1971 and became Bangladesh. At the time of Partition, Kashmir was attacked by the Pakistani Army with the tribes and captured a large land of Ladakh along with Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian Army was running a campaign of occupation, giving a befitting reply to this attack, but in between, the Line of Control was born due to a one -sided declaration of ceasefire by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Since then Kashmir became a disputed region. On the other hand, in 1962, China has kept India in trouble by capturing large terrain in Ladakh, Sikkim and Arunachal.Also Read: PoK, Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh’s geography and population know history
About half of Jammu and Kashmir are still occupied by Pakistan. On the other hand, China is occupied by a large area of Ladakh. There are 3 regions of this northern state of India- Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh. The states of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh remained under the first Hindu rulers and then Muslim Sultans. Later this kingdom became part of the Mughal Empire under the rule of Akbar. After the Afghan rule from 1756, this state became under the Sikh Empire of Punjab in 1819. In 1846, Ranjit Singh handed over the Jammu region to Maharaja Gulab Singh. After this it remained under the other Indian kings.
Kashmir, Jammu and Ladakh. POK, Siachen and Aksai Chin are also added to it. All three parts have been ruled by different kings in ancient and medieval period. There was a time when the same king ruled the entire land.
Kashmir in the name of Kashyap Rishi: It is believed that Kashyapa was the ancient name of Kashyap Sagar (Caspian Sea) and Kashmir in the name of Rishi. According to the researchers, from the Caspian Sea to Kashmir, the rule of the family of Rishi Kashyapa was spread. Around the Kailash mountain, there was the power of Lord Shiva’s Ganas. Daksha Raja also had an empire in the said area. Jammu is also mentioned in Mahabharata. Recently, the Harappa carpet remains received from Akhnoor and the artifacts of Maurya, Kushan and Gupta period reveals the ancient history of Jammu.
It is said that Kashyapa sage was the first king of Kashmir. He made Kashmir the kingdom of his dreams. Nagas originated from the womb of one of his wife Kadru, with 8 Nagas- Anant (Shesha), Vasuki, Takshak, Karkotak, Padma, Mahapadma, Shankha and Kulik. Nagavansh was established from these. Even today, there are names of places in the names of these serpents in Kashmir. Anantnag of Kashmir was the capital of Nagavansis.
According to the legend of Rajatarangini and Neelam Purana, the valley of Kashmir was once a very large lake. Kashyapa sage took out water from here and turned it into a panoramic natural site. In this way the valley of Kashmir came into existence. However, according to geologists, the lake water flowed due to the mountains in Khadiyanyar, Baramulla and thus became a living place in Kashmir. Rajatarangini is an authentic document of the ancient dynasties and kings of Kashmir from King Gonanda to King Gonanda (1129 AD) of 1184 BC.
Ancient History of Kashmir: In the 3 -century BC, the great emperor Ashoka spread Buddhism in Kashmir. Later, Kanishka had the right here. At the time of Kanishka, the fourth Buddhist Mahasangiti of the Sarva Buddhist tradition was organized at Kundal Van Vihar in Srinagar under the chairmanship of the famous Buddhist scholar Vasumitra. At the beginning of 6th century, Kashmir became the authority of Huns. The Kashmir Valley was an independent state in 530. After this, the kings of the Ujjain Empire were authority over it. There was a time when Ujjain used to be the capital of unbroken India.
After the fall of the Vikramaditya dynasty, the local rulers ruled Kashmir. A mixed form of Hindu and Buddhist cultures developed there. In Kashmir, in the sixth century, its kind of Shaivism developed. The compilation of Vasugupta’s Suktis is considered to be the first authentic book. The first and prominent name among Shaiva kings is Mihirkul who belonged to the Hun dynasty.
King Lalitaditya Muktage’s Chief Chakravarti Emperor of Kashmir: The Hun dynasty was followed by Gonand II and Karkota Nag dynasty, whose king Lalitaditya Muktpaid is included among the greatest kings of Kashmir. Among the Hindu kings of Kashmir, Lalitaditya (from 697 to 738) became the most famous king whose state was spread to Bengal in the east, Konkan in the south, Turkistan in the north-west and Tibet in the north-east.
Raja Avantivarman: In this sequence, the next name is taken to the Avantivarman of the Utpal dynasty, which came to power in 855 AD, whose reign was the period of happiness and prosperity of Kashmir. Temples etc. were built on a large scale during his 28 -year rule. There is also a long tradition of litterateurs and Sanskrit masters in Kashmir. Famous grammatical Ramat, Muktakan, Shivaswamin and poet Anandvardhan and Ratnakar were members of Avantivarman’s Rajya Sabha. In the seventh century, Bhima Bhatt, Damodar Gupta, Ksheer Swami, Ratnakar, Vallabh Dev in the eighth century, Mamtas in the ninth century, Mamtas, Kshemendra, Somdev to tenth century Milhan, Jayadratha and Sanskrit scholarly poets of Sanskrit were a long tradition of Sanskrit poets. After the death of Avantivarman, the period of collapse of Hindu kings began.
The collapse of the Hindu kings of Avantivarman, the attack of Dulacha:
The Mongol invasion Dulacha attacked the then King Sahadeva. Dulucha destroyed cities and villages and massacred thousands of Hindus. Many Hindus were forced to force Muslims. Taking advantage of this occasion, a Buddhist wrench, who came from Tibet, confessed to Islam and took control of the throne of Kashmir with the help of Kotarani, daughter of his friend and Sahadev’s commander Ramchandra. In this way he became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir (not Jammu or Ladakh).
Shahmer’s rule: Later, Shahmer captured the throne of Kashmir and thus his descendants ruled Kashmir for a long time. In the beginning, these Sultan remained tolerant but the Islamication started in the time of Shah Hamadan, who came from Hamadan, reached its peak during Sultan Sikandar. During this period, Hindu people had to accept Islam and thus gradually most of the people of Kashmir became Muslims in which there were some parts of Jammu. Under the leadership of Shah Hamadan’s son Mir Hamdani, the era of Breaking the temples and Islamization on the strength of the sword went on to Alishah’s son Alishah, but then in 1420-70 Zainul Abdin (Bad Shah) sat on the throne. Its rule was good.
Mughal rights over Kashmir:
On 16 October 1586, Mughal warlord Qasim Khan Mir defeated Chak ruler Yakub Khan and established the Mughal Sultanate on Kashmir. After this, the valley was ruled by non -Kashmiris for the next 361 years, in which Mughals, Afghans, Sikhs, Dogre etc. were. The Mughal ruler Aurangzeb and the subsequent rulers adopted a repressive policy on Hindus as well as Shia Muslims, due to which thousands of people were killed.
Rule of Ahmed Shah Abdali:
After the collapse of the Mughal dynasty, Afghans led by Ahmed Shah Abdali captured Kashmir (not Jammu and Ladakh) in 1752-53. Afghans Muslims committed severe atrocities on the people of Kashmir (Muslims, Hindus etc.). Looted his woman and money a lot. The work of loot and khosat continued under the rule of five different Pathan governors. The Pathans ruled the Kashmir Valley for 67 years.
King Ranjit Singh’s rule:
Fed up with these atrocities, a Kashmiri Pandit Birbal Dhar sought help from Sikh king Ranjit Singh. He sent an army of thirty thousand with his most capable chieftains including Hari Singh Nalwa under the leadership of his successor Khadak Singh. Azim Khan fled to Kabul, leaving Kashmir on his brother Jabbar Khan, thus Sikh rule was established in Kashmir on 15 June 1819. In 1839, with the death of Ranjit Singh, the Sikh empire of Lahore began to disintegrate. For the British, it was a chance to control the dangerous border of Afghanistan and to declare themselves independent for Gulab Singh of Jammu. Maharaja Ranjit Singh merged Jammu in Punjab. He later handed over Jammu to Gulab Singh.
A list is also found which belongs to the kings of Jammu:
*Rai Suraj Dev 850-920
*Rai Bhoj Dev 920-987
*Rai Avatar Dev 987-1030
*Rai Jasdev 1030-1061
*Rai Sangram Dev 1061-1095
*Rai Jasascar 1095-1165
*Rai Brajdev 1165-1216
*Rai Narasimhadev 1216-1258
*Rai Arjun Dev 1258-1313
*Rai Jodhdev 1313-1361
*Rai Maldev 1361-1400
*Rai Hamirdev (Bhimdev) 1400-1423
*Rai Ajayab Dev Rai (till 1528)
*Rai Cooper Dev 1530-1570
*Rai Samil Dev 1570-1594
*Rai Sangram, Jammu King 1594-1624
*Rai Bhup Dev 1624-1650
*Rai Haridev 1650-1686
*Rai Gujai Dev 1686-1703
*King Dhruv Dev 1703-1725
*King Ranjit Dev 1725-1782
*King Brajraj Dev 1782-1787
*Raja Sansapur Singh 1787–1797
*Raja Jeet Singh 1797-1816
*Rajakishore Singh 1820-1822
Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir-
*Maharaja Gulab Singh 1822 to 1856.
*Maharaja Ranbir Singh 1856 to 1885.
*Maharaja Hari Singh from 1925 to 1947.
* Jammu was divided into 22 mountainous princely states. Dogra ruler King Maldev conquered many areas and established his huge state. From 1733 to 1782, King Ranjit Dev ruled Jammu but his successor was weak, so Maharaja Ranjit Singh joined Jammu in Punjab.
* The power of the Maharaja of Kashmir in the far north extended to the Karakoram mountain range. Aksai Chin and Ladakh in the north were also under this state.
*In 1947, Jammu and Kashmir ruled the Dogra rulers. After this, Maharaj Hari Singh signed the merger agreement in the Indian Union. That too when the princely state was attacked by the Pakistani Army as the tribal and captured a large part of it.
