Caste is a universal element in India. First the Mughals, then the British and in independent India, Indian politicians have gained power or have been converted by dividing casteism or promoting casteism. It is good to keep political parties and fundamentalists divided among themselves. Let’s know how the people of India were first divided into religion and then castes.
In this way caste was promoted: There are two types of people- forward and backward. This case is the same as there are two types of areas- developed and underdeveloped. In the backward areas, the Brahmin was as backward as a person of Dalit or other class, religion or society. In order to bring backward on par, the constitution was initially made a law to give reservation for 10 years, but India’s politics changed in 10 years. Politics based on service became a completely vote -based politics.
Dynasty changed varnas and in varna castes:
In the Vedic period, a society based on dynasty became. Such as Suryavansh, Chandravansh, Rishivansh. Yaduvansh, Somvansh, Nagavansh, Agnivansh became his sub -dynasty. The dynasty which developed the most during the Aryans period is Yadu, Turvasu, Druhu, Puru and Anu. Yadu from Yadu, Turvasu to Yavan, Druhu to Bhoj, Anu to Malachh from Puru and Paurava dynasty were established.
Today, all the castes or sub -castes of Hindus are seen, all of them have gone out of the above three dynasties. After this, after the North Vedic period, society was divided into 4 varnas on the basis of deeds. Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras are not any castes nor are they the name of any dynasty. These are categories of division of labor. But Indian society suffered a lot of loss due to this. Today, they have changed India into a society of equal thinking. It was from the above dynasties that many sub -dynasties of Kshatriyas, Dalits, Brahmins and Vaishyas were formed. Dynasties are also understood on the basis of gotras. Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Jains, Buddhists and Sikhs living in India are all related to some Indian dynasty, hence they are called Bharatvanshi.
Changing castes: There are many Brahmins who are Dalits today, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians or now they are Buddhists. There are many Dalits who are part of the Brahmin society today. Due to thousands of years of chronology, many castes of Kshatriyas are now being counted among Dalits.
There were no surnames before: Indra, Circle, Shambhar, Gargi, Krishna, Kauts, Charvak, Ram, Arjuna, Duryodhana, Atri, Eklavya, Hanuman, Ravana etc. have been thousands of famous people who are famous till date without caste surname. The trend of nickname began in the Buddhist period. People used to put that adjective in front of the name based on their specialty. Just like someone is a Rajpurohit, Rajpurohit and some have a knower of four Vedas and Chaturvedi. If someone belonged to a particular dynasty, he would put his dynasty name forward. Such as Suryavanshi, Chandravanshi, Yaduvanshi, etc. Many people started using the gotra as a surname to show their dynasty, such as Bhargava, Atreya, Kashyap etc.
Castes in the Mughal period:
Most of the high degrees, people, showed the title in front of their names by making them nicknamed so that people would think them high. Then a upper class of the same type of titles began to be formed. Later, when the Mughal came, he first placed the degrees in high position in his court. Then gradually he created new positions to conduct the said area of many other caste groups according to time and situation, which later turned into a caste. After this, those who were not converted or not bowed before them were either murdered or they were done in misdeeds. The Mughals raised the dirt from Valmiki Brahmins and Kshatriyas, due to which they are now considered to be the lower sections. There are many castes that were built during the Mughal period as new works also originated during the Mughal period. In the Mughal period, the impact of the caste system was also on the agricultural system. The farmers were divided into various castes and they used to do panchayats and trade on the basis of caste.
Castes during the British period: Then the rule of the British came, then apart from the people in high position, they started keeping people of many small and backward castes on small jobs. Just as a person preferred to call himself a Khan under the rule of the Mughals, in the same way Babu, Zamidar, Patwari etc. under the British rule. In this way, when the understanding of the British increased, they gave many new titles among Hindus and many new titles which have been created in castes today.
The sub -castes of the British period: It is believed that in order to keep Hindus divided, Hindus were divided into about 2,378 castes in the British Raj. The texts were searched and the British clearly divided the Hindus by giving new surnames to the castes. Not only this, only about 1,156 sub -castes of cobbler were recorded in the 1991 census. From this, it can be guessed that till date how many castes and communities will have been made.
Changing surname: There are many surnames that have changed with a person or society changing the province or religion, such as Bhatt and Dhar of Kashmir, when they were initiated in Islam, they are now called Butt or Butt and Dar. On the other hand, you must have heard the nickname and Chauhan, Yadav and Parmar. When these North Indians settled in Maharashtra, they are now called Chavan, Jadhav and Pawar. Pandey, Pandey and Pandia these three surnames are used in Brahmins. Due to different provinces, their pronunciation was also different. Just like Patidar is called Patel in Gujarat.
Common surname: Like the name, there are many surnames, which are now found in some families of religion and society due to the pride of Hindus in the Mughal and British period, such as Patel, Shah, Rathore, Rana, Singh, Sharma, Smith, Chauhan, Thakur, Bohra or Vohra etc. There are countless surnames that may be from morning to evening while writing.
Nicknames based on places: For example, when the Kshatriyas of Kutch settled out of Kutch and settled in some other place, they were called Kachawat. Later, the same Kachwat became deteriorated and Kushwaha. However, being a descendant of Kush is also called Kushwaha. Now Kushwaha’s surname is also put in Dalits and also in Kshatriyas. Many nicknames based on places will be found in Maharashtra, such as Jalgaonkar, Chiploonkar, Rashinkar, Mehkarkar etc. In other provinces, location -based surnames are also found, such as Mandoria, Devalia, Loti, Malvi, Malaviya, Mewari, Metwara, Bihari etc.
Nicknames became the post, nickname caste: Rao, Rawal, Maharawal, Rana, Rajarana and Maharana used to be titles in the Mewar region of Rajasthan. There are also many other tricks, such as Shastri to read scriptures, Acharya to the teacher of all the scriptures, the knowledgeer of two Vedas was called Dwivedi, the knowledgeer of four, the knowledgeer Chaturvedi. Upadhyay, Mahamahopadhyaya titles were also based on the study or chapter of the Vedas. Many titles were created during the British period, such as Mandalik, Zamindar, Mukhiya, Rai, Raibahadur, Chaudhary, Patwari, Deshmukh, Chitnis, Patel etc.
Who is not familiar with the word ‘Thakur’. Everyone knows that Thakur is applied in Kshatriyas, but you may be surprised to know that it is also seen in Brahmins. Thakur also had no surname earlier and it was a title. But this status with this status became very famous. Khan, Rai, Rao, Rawal, Rana, Rajrana and Maharana also used to be titles or phrases.
Business -based surname: Some people of all religions living in all the provinces of India are also found on business -based nicknames, such as Sony surname is very famous in India, which is a bad form of gold or goldsmiths. Later, these people used to do gold business, then they were also called goldsmiths. Most people still do the same business. All are familiar with the pride surname. Ironwala, Jariwala etc. are famous in Gujarat. Wooden goods make sore or suthar nicknames. There are countless surnames that are based on some business.
Why caste census?
The census took place in 1881 for the first time in India. Since then, census is being done every 10 years. Ethnic census took place from 1881 to 1931. Ethnic figures were collected in 1941 but were not made public. The first census took place in 1951 after independence. At that time the government decided that only Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) data will be collected. In 1991, states were allowed to survey their list of OBCs. In 2011, the UPA government spent about 4.5 thousand crores for social, economic and ethnic census but the figures of castes were not made public. One class believes that the aim behind the demand for caste census is not to ensure social justice to backward castes, but to divide the society and gain political advantage. This class says that the government already has the necessary data, based on these, policies and programs can be implemented effectively for the socio -economic progress of weaker sections and this is happening. In such a situation, the caste census will deepen ethnic division in the country and this will create stress and bitterness in the society.
