Monsoon in India 2025: The country, which eagerly wait for the heat of summer, is the first spray of monsoon. It not only relieves scorching heat, but is also a lifeline of our agricultural economy. But have you ever wondered how this monsoon comes? How does this huge herd of clouds travel to our country by traveling thousands of kilometers and soaks the whole of India? Come, today we understand the entire science of this rain with data and interesting facts.
Monsoon: A seasonal wind
First of all it is important to understand that the monsoon is not a cloud or a stream of water, but it is a seasonal wind. The word ‘monsoon’ is derived from the word ‘weather’ in the Arabic language, which means season. These are winds that flow in a certain direction in a certain time of the year and then change their direction when the weather changes. In India, the winds flowing from south-west to north-east in summer (June to September) are called southwest monsoon, which brings plenty of rain for us.
How to make monsoon,
Many geographical and atmospheric factors play an important role in the process of monsoon becoming:
1. Difference of temperature: In the summer months, the huge territories of Central Asia and Northern India become extremely hot. For example, in the months of May and June, the temperature in Rajasthan and surrounding areas often move above 45 ° C. In contrast, the Indian Ocean remains relatively cold. This huge difference in temperature creates a difference in air pressure. The hot air rises lightly, making the area of low air pressure in these areas. At the same time, high air pressure remains over the cold sea.
2. Flow of air: The air always flows from high air pressure area towards low air pressure area. For this reason, moisture winds from the Indian Ocean are attracted to the Indian subcontinent. These winds move from the south-west direction, hence they are called southwest monsoon.
3. Earth’s rotation (choreolis effect): Due to the rotation of the Earth, the winds do not flow slightly. In the northern hemisphere, these winds turn to their right. Due to this effect, after crossing the equator, these southeastern trading winds move towards India and take the south-west direction.
4. Role of Himalayan Mountains: The huge Himalayan mountain range gives an important direction to the Indian monsoon. When moisture -filled winds collide with this mountain range, they are cold when they rise up and condensed and do heavy rainfall. The Himalayas acts like an inhibitor and prevents these winds from moving north, causing good rains throughout North India.
Also Read: What is the difference between pre-monsoon and monsoon, understand in easy language
Monsoon arrival in India:
The monsoon in India usually collides with the coast of Kerala in the first week of June. According to data from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), the general date for the onset of monsoon in Kerala is June 1, in which almost a week’s deviation is possible. Subsequently, the monsoon slowly moves to the north.
, june: Monsoon becomes active in Kerala, Karnataka, parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra and most parts of Northeast India.
, july: Monsoon reaches Central India, Gujarat, parts of Rajasthan and the plains of North India. July is the highest rainfall month in India.
, august: Monsoon spreads across India, although some dry areas such as western Rajasthan receive relatively low rainfall.
, september: From mid-September, the monsoon begins to weaken and gradually returns to the south, which is called ‘Retreat of Monsoon’.
Science of rain:
When moisture-filled monsoon winds rise up, due to the low temperature in the atmosphere, the water vapor becomes cold and turns into small water drops or ice particles. This process is called condensation. These small droplets together form big drops and when they become so heavy that they do not stand in the air, they fall down as rain.
The winds that rise above the mountains offer mountain rains, which is the main reason for heavy rainfall in the Western Ghats and Himalayas. At the same time, when warm and cold winds are found together, there is a frontal rainfall.
