Nisar satellite will help humanity in many ways.
A historic step is being taken on Wednesday in India and the US partnership. The NASA-Isro Syntic Aperture Radar, created by the joint effort of the Indian Space Research Organization ISRO and the US space agency NASA, will be launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Center located in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh at 5:40 pm today. This satellite will be installed in the 747 km Sun-Synchronous Orbit via GSLV MK-II rocket. Come, let’s know why this mission is special and what it will work.
What is Nisar?
Nisar is an Earth observation satellite, weighing 2,392 kg. This is the first such satellite that uses two different frequencies, L-bands of NASA and S-band of ISRO. This dual radar system will help it look at the changes on the surface of the Earth with more accuracy than ever. According to NASA, both these systems specialize in measuring different features of the Earth’s surface, such as moisture, surface texture and stir. The cost of this satellite is more than $ 1.5 billion (about Rs 12,500 crore), making it one of the world’s most expensive Earth observation satellites.
It took 10 years to make Nisar. It has a special gold mesh antenna of 12 meters, which is the largest in low earth orbit. It is connected to ISRO’s I-3K satellite bus, which has a system of command, data, propulsion, and direction control system and 4 kW solar energy.
How will Nisar work?
After the launch, Nisar will be installed in the Sun-Social orbit at an altitude of 747 km, which will be an inclination of 98.4 degrees. But it will not start taking pictures immediately. The first 90 days will spend this satellite commissioning or in-orbit checkout (IOC), so that it can be prepared for scientific functions. Nisar’s synthetic aperture radar (SAR) will send radar waves to the surface of the earth and measure the change in the time and phase of their return. This will use 2 types of radar:
- L-band sar (1.257 gHz): It is a radar with long waves, which can see dense forests and bottom of the soil. This will help measure small changes on the ground.
- S-band sar (3.2 ghz): It is a radar with small waves, which will capture surface nuances, such as crops and water surface.
Nisar will use Sweepsar technology for the first time, which will give high resolution data within a radius of 242 km. It will scan the whole earth every 12 days, that too in every season, despite day and night, clouds or darkness.
Why is Nisar Mission special?
Nisar Mission is a symbol of growing partnership between India and the US in the space sector, which will bring revolution under the supervision of the Earth. This mission will study the earth’s ecosystem, ice sheets, vegetation, forest, groundwater, sea level and natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and landslides. Its dual radar system and Sweepsar technology enable it to collect accurate data in day and night and every season despite clouds, smoke, or dense forests, which makes it different from other satellites. Nisar’s data will be free available to scientists, farmers, and disaster management teams, especially in a few hours in disaster -like conditions. This data will prove useful for not only India and America, but the whole world under disaster management, agriculture, and climate monitoring.
What will be the effect of Nisar?
The Nisar Mission will help in understanding the changing environment and natural processes of the earth. This will assess risks in areas with danger of earthquakes such as Himalayas, track volcanic activities, and assist in monitoring infrastructure. Its data will help farmers in crop management and it will be easy for scientists to understand the effects of climate change.
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